![]() ![]() 2005.Īdjustment of character-space increasing or decreasing by various methods to mitigate the excessive word-space which occurs when an inappropriate measure is used, or when hypenation is inadequately applied, is an expedient which has been practised since the early 1960s when second-generation filmsetting made it possible, but it has never been done to good effect. that such a distortion of letterforms is 'typographically acceptable'» But in the third edition (20), which is produced in Adobe InDesign, he employs these techniques himself. ![]() In these two editions he warned against letterspacing of lower case characters and altering letter widths. First edition (1992) was produced in Ventura Publisher, second edition (1996) in QuarkXPress. Robert Bringhurst's book «The Elements of Typographic Style» is nowadays an important reference work for everybody interested in typography. Tiny adjustments to spaces within and between the letters therefore go a long way toward creating a page of even color and texture. The bulk of the work is still done by adjusting the spaces between words, but there are more letters than spaces in these lines. In this book, for example, the justification engine has been permitted to vary the intercharacter spacing by plus/minus 3% and to adjust the width of individual glyphs by plus/minus 2%. And the best computer justification now relies on microscopic adjustments to the space between and within the letters as well as the space between the words. Good justification is calculated paragraph by paragraph instead of line by line. (.)Īnother thing computer software can do because Karow taught it how is justify text by making subtle alterations in the widths of letters. In the early 1990s, Peter Karow and Hermann Zapf devised a means of doing much the same in the digital medium - and without relying on scribal abbreviations. Gutenberg replicated the feat by cutting and casting a host of abbreviations and ligatures along with multiple versions of certain letters, differing modestly in width. Scribes justify text as they write, by introducing abbreviations and subtly altering the widths of letters. Most of the type set in the past five hundred years is justified type, and most of it has been justified line by line. creating a page of even color and texture» These authorities have differing opinions. In order to make up one's mind about glyph scaling and letterspacing in text justification, it is informative to read what central figures in the typographic world think about it. Olav Martin Kvern, The Thanh Han Differing opinions on glyph scaling and letterspacing in text justification TEXT JUSTIFICATION Robert Bringhurst, Ari Rafaeli, ![]()
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